中国羽扑瘿螨属二新种记述（蜱螨亚纲：羽爪瘿螨科）

记述羽扑瘿螨科2个新种：忍冬双羽扑瘿螨Diptacus lonicerae sp.nov.，寄主为忍冬；山莓双羽扑瘿螨Diptacus rubi sp.nov.，寄主为山莓。     

青海黄芪属新分类群

青海黄芪属新分类群吴玉虎（中国科学院西北高原生物研究所，西宁８１０００１）ＮｅｗＴａｘａｏｆｔｈｅＧｅｎｕｓＡｓｔｒａｇａｌｕｓｆｒｏｍＱｉｎｇｈａｉＷＵＹｕ－Ｈｕ（ＮｏｒｔｈｗｅｓｔＰｌａｔｅａｕＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＢｉｏｌｏｇｙ，ＴｈｅＣｈｉｎ...     

追溯山茱萸科植物的性状进化和生物地理学历史——方法选择的影响?

This study compares results on reconstructing the ancestral state of characters and ancestral areas of distribution in Cornaceae to gain insights into the impact of using different analytical methods. Ancestral character state reconstructions were compared among three methods (parsimony, maximum likelihood, and stochastic character mapping) using MESQUITE and a full Bayesian method in BAYESTRAITS and inferences of ancestral area distribution were compared between the parsimony-based dispersal-vicariance analysis (DIVA) and a newly developed maximum likelihood (ML) method. Results indicated that among the six inflorescence and fruit characters examined, "perfect" binary characters (no homoplasy, no polymorphism within terminals, and no missing data) are little affected by choice of method, while homoplasious characters and missing data are sensitive to methods used. Ancestral areas at deep nodes of the phylogeny are substantially different between DIVA and ML and strikingly different between analyses including and excluding fossils at three deepest nodes. These results, while raising caution in making conclusions on trait evolution and historical biogeography using conventional methods, demonstrate a limitation in our current understanding of character evolution and biogeography. The biogeographic history favored by the ML analyses including fossils suggested the origin and early radiation of Cornus likely occurred in the late Cretaceous and earliest Tertiary in Europe and intercontinental disjunctions in three lineages involved movements across the North Atlantic Land Bridge (BLB) in the early and mid Tertiary. This result is congruent with the role of NALB for post-Eocene migration and in connecting tropical floras in North America and Africa, and in eastern Asia and South America. However, alternative hypotheses with an origin in eastern Asia and early Trans-Beringia migrations of the genus cannot be ruled out.     

山西刺皮瘿螨属三新种记述（瘿螨总科：瘿螨科：叶刺瘿螨亚科）

记述采自山西历山自然保护区的瘿螨3新种：山马兰刺皮瘿螨Aculops kalimeris Xie sp. nov., 寄主是山马兰Kalimeris lautureana (Debx.) Kitam. (菊科Compositae)；稠李刺皮瘿螨Aculops padus Xie sp. nov.，寄主是稠李Prunus padus Linn. (蔷薇科Rosaceae)；野豌豆刺皮瘿螨Aculops sepius Xie sp. nov.，寄主是野豌豆Vicia sepium Linn. (豆科Fabaceae)。模式标本保存在安康学院农学与生命科学学院。     

几种毒品简介

１９９０年１２月２８日由第七届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十七次会议通过了《全国人大常委会关于禁毒的决定》，《决定》第一条明确了毒品的概念和范围。“毒品是指鸦片、海洛因、吗啡、大麻、可卡因、冰以及国务院规定管制的其他能够使人形成瘾癖的麻醉药品和精神药...